名詞概念：名詞通常指人、事物以及抽象概念等的名稱。

名師介紹：周涵，職稱英語考試輔導專家，職業(yè)培訓教育網(wǎng)職稱英語網(wǎng)絡輔導老師，曾在多家知名培訓機構(gòu)及人事考試中心主講職稱英語考試輔導課程；參與編寫大量職稱英語考試輔導教材；諳熟職稱英語的命題規(guī)律和教材精髓，針對考試的六大題型總結(jié)出一套適合成人特點、簡單易學的快速提分應試技巧，使眾多學子順利通過考試。

周涵　2014年職稱英語考試介紹及課程特色介紹　 免費試聽 購買

Ⅰ.名詞在句子中所作的成分有：

1.主語 The boy is writing.

2.動詞賓語 They are writing letters.

3.表語 The letter is an invitation.

4.賓語補語 He made the letter an invitation.

5.間接賓語 Who sent Ms. Wang this letter?

6.同位語 The letter is for Ms. Wang, his colleague.

7.介詞賓語 The letter is for his colleague.

8.定語 He is a customs officer.

9.狀語 Wait a moment.

Ⅱ.名詞的種類可從兩個方面劃分：

根據(jù)詞匯意義，可分為普通名詞和專有名詞。從是否可以計數(shù)的角度來看，英語名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞�？蓴�(shù)名詞有單、復數(shù)之分。單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式時，又有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則之分。本文|由職業(yè)培訓教育網(wǎng)獨家整理。

1、規(guī)則復數(shù)形式

規(guī)則復數(shù)形式有以下幾種情況：

(1)一般在詞尾加s：

flowers,sisters, machines,months

(2)以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞加es

buses,boxes,watches,dishes;

(3)以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加es

countries,factories,stories;

(4)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞，通常變f為v，再加-(e)s

knives,shelves,lives;

(5)以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的，加es。

tomatoes,potatoes,heroes。

2、不規(guī)則復數(shù)形式

凡不是以加-s、-es構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式的名詞，稱不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞。

常見的不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞主要有：

man─men woman─women

child─children ox─oxen

foot─feet tooth─teeth

mouse─mice goose─geese

phenomenon─phenomena thesis─theses

analysis─analyses crisis─crises

basis─bases bacterium-bacteria

deer─deer means─means

aircraft─aircraft species─species

series─series sheep─sheep

3、常用復數(shù)形式的名詞

有些名詞經(jīng)常以復數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)，包括以下兩種情況：

a.由兩部分組成一個物體的名詞。如：

服裝：pants,pajamas,jeans,trousers;

器具：glasses,scales,pliers,tweezers。

b.其他名詞: goods,spirits,stairs,wages,greens,suburbs。

名詞的可數(shù)或不可數(shù)并不是一成不變的，在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。

There are few lambs in the zoo. / Would you like some lamb or pork?

They grow their own carrots. / Good stew (燉菜) must contain carrot.

Beer is refreshing in summer. / They had two beers.

Rich men live in luxury. / A refrigerator is a luxury here.

不可數(shù)名詞的個體化

a piece of paper

a piece of news

two tons of steel

a flash of light

a drop of water

three cakes of soap

a tube of toothpaste

a spoonful of sugar

a pair of glasses

Ⅲ.英語名詞有兩種屬格：'s屬格和of-屬格。如：

1、's屬格的形式

(1)baby’s, horse’s;

(2)freshmen’s，firemen’s;

(3)teachers’，theSmiths’;

(4)Mr.Jones’。

2、-'s屬格的使用

(1)thehorse’smouth，themanager’soffice，women’sclothes

(2)theschool’senrollment,thegovernment’s property,Europe’sfuture

(3)thetrain’sheatingsystem,theship’sbell

(4)theearth’ssurface,aday’swork,two hours’drive,eightdollars’worth,apound’sweight

(5)thebarber’s,thetailor’s, St. Peter’s , the baker’s, the dentist’s, the Smith’s

3、of-屬格的使用

用于無生命的東西，表示所有關(guān)系，如：

the end of the road

the top of the shelf

the sale of the house

The city of New Castle lies at the mouth of the New Castle River.

Ⅳ.主謂一致

在句子中，謂語動詞必須在人稱和數(shù)的方面與主語保持一致。但有些情況特殊：

1、主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語卻用單數(shù)。

(1)意義上為單數(shù)者

The news is inspiring.

Physics is one of the most difficult subjects for me.

Measles is sometimes very serious.

(2)數(shù)詞+重量、里程、時間構(gòu)成的復數(shù)名詞

Forty miles is quite a distance.

Twenty years has passed since we last met in Beijing.

2. 主語是單數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)

(1)具有復數(shù)意義的名詞

The police are making inquiries about the murder.

The Chinese people are living better life.

(2)某些集體名詞做主語時，既可以當單數(shù)也可以當復數(shù)

The committee is made up of 15 members. / The committee were divided into 3 groups.

The family is going to move. /My family are all fond of