“全國衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)外語水平考試:同位語從句”相信是準備全國衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)外語水平考試的朋友比較關注的事情,為此,醫(yī)學教育網小編整理內容如下:
同位語從句
(1)理論常識
同位語從句是對其前面的抽象名詞(例如:idea , insistence , instruction , order , plan , proposal等)進行解釋說明,被解釋說明的詞和同位語在邏輯上是主表關系。同位語從句的結構一定是先行詞加引導詞加上從句的構成,that并不是僅有的可以引導同位語從句的引導詞,whether , why , who . 從句一定要具有完整的句子結構,主謂賓都必須齊全,引導詞不充當任何成分。
常見先行詞:
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .
(2)題舉例
例句1:The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
重點詞匯及短語:
loyal adj. 忠實的,忠誠的 ≠ disloyal;be loyal to 對……忠誠
loyalty n. 忠誠,忠實,忠貞
favor v. 更喜歡;偏向 n. 恩惠;支持,贊同;in favo(u)r of sth 支持,贊許……
sustain v. 保持,維持 = maintain;遭受,經受believe in 信任,信賴
句子成分分析:本句主干the idea goes……,正常語序應為The idea goes (that) the most loyal customers would…… and they'd feel like they were…… believe in.
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor和they'd feel like they were helping……believe in為and連接的兩個并列的同位語從句,解釋the idea.
在第一個同位語從句中,they favor是一個定語從句,修飾the product.在第二個同位語從句中,like等同于as if,其后緊跟的內容為表語從句。在這個表語從句中,包含一個定語從句they believe in,修飾something.
表語從句放在連系動詞之后,充當復合句中的表語??山颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be,look,seem,sound,appear等??梢龑П碚Z從句的詞有:從屬連詞whether,as,as if / though,連接代詞who,whom,whose以及because,why等。
參考譯文:這種想法是,最忠誠的顧客仍然愿意買他們喜歡的產品,他們還會覺得自己在幫助維持他們信任的產品的質量。
例句2:Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
重點詞匯及短語:
analysis n.(對事物/形勢/問題的)分析
rule out 排除,拒絕考慮
influence n. 影響(力),作用 v.統(tǒng)治;控制;
account n. 敘述,報道;賬戶
take account (n.)of sth = take sth into accout 考慮到某事
leniency =lenience n. 仁慈,寬大
contribute v. 促成,造成(某事發(fā)生);捐獻,捐助
political campaigns政治活動
fine n. 罰金,罰款v. 對……處以罰款
句子成分分析:
本句主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility……。that引導一個同位語從句,同位語從句中的it was…… rather than…… that……為強調句結構,其中firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand為強調部分。
在這個強調結構中,accounted for為真正的謂語,the leniency為真正的賓語。冒號后面的內容是對前面內容的進一步補充說明。英語中表示強調時有一個很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被強調成分+that (who)+其他”結構。
強調句中的連接詞一般為that(可指物,也可指人)或who(指人)。若被強調的是狀語,則只能用that ,而不能用when 或者where,且連接詞都不能省略。
參考譯文:他們的分析排除了讓公司受到寬大處理的原因是其政治影響力而非其企業(yè)社會責任立場的這種可能性:對政治活動投入更多的公司并沒有處以更少的罰金。
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